Tutorial / Cram Notes
Backing up and recovering certificates, secrets, and keys are crucial for maintaining secure operations within your Azure environment. With the ever-present threat of data loss due to accidental deletion, malicious activity, or system failure, it’s vital for Azure administrators to understand the tools and strategies available for backing up sensitive information and how to recover it when necessary.
Azure Key Vault Backup
Azure Key Vault is a cloud service that provides a secure store for secrets, keys, and certificates. While Azure backs up Key Vault for disaster recovery purposes, these backups are for service recovery, not for customer data recovery. That’s why Azure recommends that you regularly back up your Key Vault content if you need to be able to restore items.
How to Backup
To back up a key, secret, or certificate in Azure Key Vault, you can use Azure PowerShell, Azure CLI, or the REST API.
Using Azure PowerShell
Here’s how to back up a secret using PowerShell:
$filePath = “path_to_backup\my-secret.backup”
$secret = Backup-AzKeyVaultSecret -VaultName ‘MyKeyVault’ -Name ‘MySecret’ -OutputFile $filePath
Using Azure CLI
Here’s the equivalent operation using the Azure CLI:
az keyvault secret backup –vault-name ‘MyKeyVault’ –name ‘MySecret’ –file ‘path_to_backup/my-secret.backup’
Recovery
To restore a key, secret, or certificate from a backup, you will use the same tools.
Using Azure PowerShell
Restore-AzKeyVaultSecret -VaultName ‘MyKeyVault’ -InputFile ‘path_to_backup\my-secret.backup’
Using Azure CLI
az keyvault secret restore –vault-name ‘MyKeyVault’ –file ‘path_to_backup/my-secret.backup’
Azure Recovery Services Vault
The Azure Recovery Services vault is a storage entity in Azure used to manage backup and recovery operations. It’s not directly used for key or secret backups but rather for virtual machine encryption keys when using Azure Backup.
Backup encryption keys with Azure Backup
- Enable the Backup and the Azure VM.
- During the setup, specify that you want to use the Recovery Services vault to hold the keys.
- Azure Backup will then manage the backup and recovery operations for these keys.
Considerations for Backup and Recovery
- Regulatory Compliance: Ensure you meet any industry-specific regulatory requirements regarding the backup and recovery of sensitive data.
- Backup Frequency: Determine how often you need to back up your keys, secrets, and certificates. This might vary depending on how often they change.
- Security of Backups: Protect the backup files themselves. They should be encrypted and stored securely, with access tightly controlled.
Best Practices
- Automation: Automate the backup process using Azure Automation, Azure Logic Apps, or other scheduling tools.
- Monitor Backup Health: Monitor the backups using Azure Monitor and set up alerts for backup failures.
- Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): Implement RBAC policies to control who can perform backup and restore operations.
Ensuring the resilience of your cryptographic assets using backup and recovery processes helps protect against data loss and provides peace of mind. By integrating these strategies into your security operations, you can assure the integrity and availability of your sensitive information within Azure.
Practice Test with Explanation
True or False: Azure Key Vault supports automated backup and restore functionality.
- Answer: False
Explanation: Azure Key Vault does not support automated backup and restore out of the box. Backups have to be performed manually by the user using Azure CLI, PowerShell, or the Azure portal.
Azure Key Vault can be used to:
- a) Store certificates only
- b) Store secrets and keys only
- c) Store certificates, secrets, and keys
- d) None of the above
Answer: c) Store certificates, secrets, and keys
Explanation: Azure Key Vault is a service that can be used to securely store and manage certificates, secrets, and keys.
Where can Azure Key Vault secrets be backed up?
- a) Locally on your own server
- b) Directly into another key vault
- c) In an Azure Storage Account
- d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Azure Key Vault secrets can be backed up to any secure location including locally, to another key vault, or an Azure Storage Account.
True or False: Azure Backup service is directly used for backing up Azure Key Vault.
- Answer: False
Explanation: Azure Backup service does not directly support backing up Azure Key Vault. Key Vault backup needs to be done manually or via customized automated methods.
Azure Site Recovery can be used for:
- a) Disaster recovery of Azure VMs
- b) Backing up data in Azure Key Vault
- c) Disaster recovery of on-premises VMs
- d) Both a) and c)
Answer: d) Both a) and c)
Explanation: Azure Site Recovery is a service designed for disaster recovery of Azure VMs and on-premises VMs, not for backing up data in Azure Key Vault.
True or False: Backups of Azure Key Vault should include both keys and the corresponding metadata.
- Answer: True
Explanation: When performing backups of Azure Key Vault, it is important to include both the keys and the corresponding metadata to ensure successful restores.
The Azure Key Vault backup is:
- a) An encrypted blob containing only keys
- b) A compressed folder with keys and secrets
- c) An encrypted blob containing keys, secrets, and certificates
- d) A plain text file with all the key vault information
Answer: c) An encrypted blob containing keys, secrets, and certificates
Explanation: Azure Key Vault backup is an encrypted blob that contains keys, secrets, and certificates managed by the Key Vault.
True or False: Azure Key Vault allows for the recovery of deleted vaults and vault items for a configurable retention period.
- Answer: True
Explanation: Azure Key Vault offers soft-delete and purge protection features that allow the recovery of deleted vaults and vault items for a specific configurable retention period.
What is the purpose of Soft Delete in Azure Key Vault?
- a) To permanently delete keys, secrets, and certificates
- b) To allow recovery of keys, secrets, and certificates within a retention period after deletion
- c) To store backups of keys, secrets, and certificates
- d) To share keys, secrets, and certificates securely with other users
Answer: b) To allow recovery of keys, secrets, and certificates within a retention period after deletion
Explanation: Soft Delete in Azure Key Vault is a feature that retains deleted keys, secrets, and certificates for a set retention period, allowing for their recovery during that time frame.
Where can you configure the retention period for Soft Delete in Azure Key Vault?
- a) In the Azure Active Directory
- b) Within the Key Vault’s Access policies
- c) In the Key Vault properties
- d) In the Azure Backup policy
Answer: c) In the Key Vault properties
Explanation: The retention period for Soft Delete can be configured within the properties of the Azure Key Vault.
True or False: Once Soft Delete is enabled on an Azure Key Vault, it can be disabled at any time.
- Answer: False
Explanation: Once Soft Delete is enabled on an Azure Key Vault, it cannot be disabled and the vault is permanently eligible for Soft Delete.
Which of the following features helps in preventing the permanent deletion of Azure Key Vault items by unauthorized users?
- a) Access policies
- b) Purge protection
- c) Network Security Groups (NSGs)
- d) Activity Logs
Answer: b) Purge protection
Explanation: Purge protection is a feature that helps prevent the permanent deletion of Azure Key Vault items. It adds an additional layer of security by requiring a specific privilege to purge, which is not enabled by default.
Great post! Configuring backup and recovery for certificates, secrets, and keys is crucial for maintaining a secure Azure environment.
Can anyone explain the best practices for storing these backups?
How often should backups be taken?
Wouldn’t it be overkill to use Azure Key Vault for all types of secrets?
Thanks for the detailed information!
What happens if I accidentally delete a key or secret? Can it be recovered?
Are there any performance impacts when using Azure Key Vault for secrets and keys?
I’m confused about the difference between soft delete and purge protection.